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Anal Cell Pathol — Muller BG, de Bruin DM, Brandt MJ et al Prostate cancer diagnosis by optical coherence tomography: first results from a needle based optical platform for tissue sampling. J Biophotonics — J Med Imaging — Nature — Sci Rep — J Clin Pathol — Methods — Association of American Medical Colleges. Accessed 30 Jan Onik G, Barzell W Transperineal 3D mapping biopsy of the prostate: an essential tool in selecting patients for focal prostate cancer therapy. Urol Oncol Semin Orig Investig — Valerio M, Anele C, Charman SC et al Transperineal template prostate-mapping biopsies: an evaluation of different protocols in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.
BJU Int — Download references. Jansen and M. Marquering is founder and shareholder of Nico-lab, D. Ilaria Jansen, Daniel M. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar.
IJ: manuscript writing. ML: manuscript editing. CDSH: manuscript editing. SLM: manuscript editing. HAM: manuscript editing. DMB: manuscript writing. PJZ: manuscript editing. Correspondence to Ilaria Jansen. General pathology workflow.
Reprints and Permissions. Jansen, I. Histopathology: ditch the slides, because digital and 3D are on show. World J Urol 36, — Download citation.
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Download PDF. Physiological processes are the ways in which organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, and biomolecules work together to accomplish the complex goal of sustaining life. Physiological mechanisms are the smaller physical and chemical events that make up a larger physiological process. Human physiology studies the functions of humans, their organs and cells, and how all of these functions combine to make life, growth, and development possible.
The drawing is based on the correlations of ideal human proportions with geometry described[4] by the ancient Roman architect Vitruvius in Book III of his treatise De Architectura. This resistance stabilizes the body by regulating the internal environment, even as the external environment changes. A stable internal environment is needed for normal physiological function and survival of a living system. Maintaining a stable internal environment requires constant monitoring, mostly by the brain and nervous system.
The brain, more specifically the hypothalamus, receives information from the body and responds appropriately through the release of chemical messengers such as neurotransmitters, catecholamines, and hormones.
These chemical messengers signal individual organs to change their functions in order to maintain homeostasis for the whole body. For instance, if blood oxygen levels are too low, the brain signals the muscles controlling the lungs to breathe faster to increase oxygen intake. The brain also signals the heart to beat faster so other organs and tissues receive the oxygen they need.
When oxygen levels return to normal, the brain signals the lungs and heart to return to their normal rates of function, a process called feedback. Traditionally, the academic discipline of physiology views the body as a collection of interacting systems, each with its own combination of functions and purposes. Each system contributes to the homeostasis of other systems and of the entire organism.
No system works in isolation, and the well-being of the person depends upon the well-being of the interactions between body systems. The traditional divisions by system are somewhat arbitrary. Many organs participate in more than one system such as the heart and kidney , and systems might be organized by function, by embryological origin, or by other categorizations. For instance, the neuroendocrine system is the complex interactions of the neurological and endocrinological systems.
Use this link to get back to this page. Anatomy and Physiology for practice Part 1. Author: Beverley Wright. Date: January-February From: Podiatry Review Vol. Publisher: Institute of Chiropodists and Podiatrists. Document Type: Article. All living organisms are composed of cells, from just one unicellular to many trillions multicellular. Cell biology is the study of cells, their physiology, structure, and life cycle.
Teach your students about cell biology using these classroom resources. Scientists once thought that life spontaneously arose from nonliving things. Thanks to experimentation and the invention of the microscope, it is now known that life comes from preexisting life and that cells come from preexisting cells.
Cells function differently in unicellular and multicellular organisms. A unicellular organism depends upon just one cell for all of its functions while a multicellular organism has cells specialized to perform different functions that collectively support the organism. Join our community of educators and receive the latest information on National Geographic's resources for you and your students.
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