Both lead to large-scale peeling of skin. Breast infections mastitis Breast Infection A breast infection mastitis can occur after delivery postpartum infection , usually during the first 6 weeks and almost always in women who are breastfeeding. If the baby is not positioned The area around the nipple is red and painful. The bacteria may then infect the nursing infant.
Pneumonia often causes a high fever, shortness of breath, and a cough with sputum that may be tinged with blood. Lung abscesses Abscess in the Lungs A lung abscess is a pus-filled cavity in the lung surrounded by inflamed tissue and caused by an infection. A lung abscess is usually caused by bacteria that normally live in the mouth and are They sometimes enlarge and involve the membranes around the lungs and sometimes cause pus to collect called an empyema Types of fluid Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space the area between the two layers of the thin membrane that covers the lungs.
Fluid can accumulate in the pleural These problems make breathing even more difficult. Bloodstream infection is a common cause of death in people with severe burns. Symptoms typically include a persistent high fever and sometimes shock. Osteomyelitis causes chills, fever, and bone pain. The skin and soft tissues over the infected bone become red and swollen, and fluid may accumulate in nearby joints. Other infections require samples of blood or infected fluids, which are sent to a laboratory to grow culture , identify, and test the bacteria.
Laboratory results confirm the diagnosis and determine which antibiotics can kill the staphylococci called susceptibility testing Testing of a Microorganism's Susceptibility and Sensitivity to Antimicrobial Drugs Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
Doctors suspect an infection based on the person's symptoms, physical examination results, If a doctor suspects osteomyelitis, x-rays, computed tomography CT , magnetic resonance imaging MRI , radionuclide bone scanning Radionuclide Scanning In radionuclide scanning, radionuclides are used to produce images. A radionuclide is a radioactive form of an element, which means it is an unstable atom that becomes more stable by releasing These tests can show where the damage is and help determine how severe it is.
Bone biopsy is done to obtain a sample for testing. The sample may be removed with a needle or during surgery.
People can help prevent the spread of these bacteria by always thoroughly washing their hands with soap and water or applying an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Some doctors recommend applying the antibiotic mupirocin inside the nostrils to eliminate staphylococci from the nose. However, because overusing mupirocin can lead to mupirocin resistance, this antibiotic is used only when people are likely to get an infection.
For example, it is given to people before certain operations or to people who live in a household in which the skin infection is spreading. If carriers of staphylococci need to have certain types of surgery, they are often treated with an antibiotic before the surgery.
In some health care facilities, people are routinely screened for MRSA when they are admitted. Some facilities screen only people who are at increased of getting a MRSA infection, such as those who are about to have certain operations. Screening involves testing a sample taken from the nose with a cotton swab.
If MRSA strains are detected, people are isolated to prevent spread of the bacteria. Infections due to Staphylococcus aureus are treated with antibiotics. Doctors try to determine whether the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and, if so, to which antibiotics. Infection that is acquired in a hospital is treated with antibiotics that are effective against MRSA. They include vancomycin , linezolid , tedizolid , quinupristin plus dalfopristin, ceftaroline, telavancin , or daptomycin.
If results of testing later indicate that the strain is susceptible to methicillin and the person is not allergic to penicillin, a drug related to methicillin, such as nafcillin or oxacillin , is used. Depending on how severe the infection is, antibiotics may be given for weeks.
MRSA infection can be acquired outside of a health care facility. Mild skin infections due to MRSA, such as folliculitis, are usually treated with an ointment, such as one that contains bacitracin , neomycin , and polymyxin B available without a prescription or mupirocin available by prescription only. If more than an ointment is required, antibiotics effective against MRSA are given by mouth or intravenously. Which antibiotic is used depends on the severity of the infection and the results of susceptibility testing.
If an infection involves bone or foreign material in the body such as heart pacemakers, artificial heart valves and joints, and blood vessel grafts , rifampin and possibly another antibiotic are sometimes added to the antibiotic regimen.
Usually, infected bone and foreign material has to be removed surgically to cure the infection. Staphylococcus aureus produces an enzyme called coagulase. Other species of staphylococci do not and thus are called coagulase-negative staphylococci.
These bacteria normally reside on the skin of all healthy people. These bacteria, although less dangerous than Staphylococcus aureus , can cause serious infections, usually when acquired in a hospital. The bacteria may infect catheters inserted through the skin into a blood vessel or implanted medical devices such as heart pacemakers or artificial heart valves and joints.
These bacteria are often resistant to many antibiotics. Vancomycin , which is effective against many resistant bacteria, is used, sometimes with rifampin. Medical devices, if infected, often must be removed. Merck and Co. From developing new therapies that treat and prevent disease to helping people in need, we are committed to improving health and well-being around the world.
The Manual was first published in as a service to the community. They can also spread on objects, such as towels, clothing, door handles, athletic equipment, and remotes. If you have staph and do not handle food properly when you are preparing it, you can also spread staph to others.
Anyone can develop a staph infection, but certain people are at greater risk, including those who. Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Often, providers can tell if you have a staph skin infection by looking at it. To check for other types of staph infections, providers may do a culture , with a skin scraping, tissue sample, stool sample, or throat or nasal swabs. There may be other tests, such as imaging tests , depending on the type of infection.
Treatment for staph infections is antibiotics. Depending on the type of infection, you may get a cream, ointment, medicines to swallow , or intravenous IV.
If you have an infected wound, your provider might drain it. Sometimes you may need surgery for bone infections. Some staph infections, such as MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , are resistant to many antibiotics.
There are still certain antibiotics that can treat these infections. The information on this site should not be used as a substitute for professional medical care or advice. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Staphylococcal Infections Also called: Staph. On this page Basics Summary Start Here. Learn More Related Issues Specifics. See, Play and Learn Images. Research Clinical Trials Journal Articles. Resources Find an Expert. Most of the time, staph does not cause any harm; however, sometimes staph causes infections.
In healthcare settings, these staph infections can be serious or fatal, including:. Although MRSA is often better known, any staph infection can be dangerous even if it is not resistant to antibiotics.
Anyone can develop a staph infection, although certain groups of people are at greater risk, including people with chronic conditions such as diabetes, cancer, vascular disease, eczema, lung disease, and people who inject drugs.
In healthcare facilities, the risk of more serious staph infection is higher because many patients have weakened immune systems or have undergone procedures. In healthcare, the risk of more serious staph infection is higher for patients in intensive care units ICUs , patients who have undergone certain types of surgeries and patients with medical devices inserted in their bodies.
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