In fact, depending on your needs, there are many different flavors of Linux you can use. And the different versions have key differences between them. Aside from security user-focused distros, there are what can be considered unique Linux distros that have their own specific uses, weird as they may be.
This article will detail some of the many flavors of Linux available today and will leave you with a better understanding of their differences, and you will be in a better position to select the distro of Linux for your needs. Generally, there are three different categories of Linux flavors with their own particular uses. Distros from the Security-Focused category are best used in situations where there is an elevated need for security-related features.
These users range from businesses and enterprises that have heightened security needs to personal users who are security-conscious. These distros tend to be more for users with advanced Linux experience overall; however, there is a well-represented range of difficulty that this article will focus on. This translates into greater protection from malware attacks when they occur. If malware finds its way onto your Qubes OS system, your personal files will be isolated from damage.
Keep in mind that with this increased security comes an advanced level of difficulty of system management, so this distro is not the best for beginner and intermediate users. Kali Linux, a pre-installed Debian derivative, is a loaded forensics and pentesting distro that is popular today. Kali Linux specifically comes loaded with tools including Ettercap, as-Aircrack-ng, Foremost and many others. A notable feature of Kali Linux is its Armitage cyberattack management tool, which allows you to visualize exploits and get exploit recommendations.
This top-rated security-focused distro requires 10gb of hard disk space and mb of RAM and can be considered to require a more intermediate level of Linux skill compared to Qubes OS and other Linux-based OSes.
It also comes with a full portable vulnerability laboratory which protects you whether you are surfing the Web, playing a video game or anything else. This distro has been said to be fairly easy to use when compared to other distros like Kali, which will attract less advanced users.
This point of attraction is enhanced by its bevy of built-in tools and features. As the name suggests, this section will detail distros that are more user-friendly. These Linux distros require a lower level of Linux skill and tend to be implemented more for ease and simplicity than for their security features. As described in the first chapter, we discovered that Linux was a flavour of the UNIX family of operating systems.
This chapter talks about what types of Linux are available in the market today. These flavours are called distributions and all have their own merits and disadvantages. We will cover the most popular distributions in this chapter. There are literally thousands of other smaller companies and organisations that also make Linux distributions.
Examples of which can be seen on websites like distrowatch. Probably too many distributions! In the Ultimate Linux Newbie Guide we will keep it simple by basing it only on the most popular distributions. The quantity and quality of the software pre-bundled can be varied. So in summary, whatever distribution you choose you may get a better range of options with distribution X over distribution Y.
However Y may suit your specific needs more than X in some cases. The choice is for you to decide. As Linux is almost always free to download, it lends itself to be evaluated until you find just the one you are looking for. There are two main ways you can evaluate Linux before you commit to putting it on your machine permanently. The main reason is the performance overhead makes using them feel like you are running a sluggish machine. The methods of how to evaluate Linux are described below.
These days you can even use Linux on many devices with one-click accessibility. This software allows you to run Linux or any other operating system inside your normal computer Windows or Mac. You usually get most of the main functionality of the distribution so you can really evaluate if the distribution is for you before you choose to install it for real. Choosing a Linux distribution is a personal thing. It greatly depends on what you want to do with it. This is a short collection of some of the more popular distributions out there.
Ubuntu is one of the most popular Linux Distributions today. It is built on a Debian core, but has a more regular release cycle. It is arguably more polished than Debian, is easier to use and has major financial backing. Canonical, the company that make and back Ubuntu, also offer enterprise level support for Ubuntu. There are three main versions, Desktop, Server and Core. In addition to the official spins, there are over 40 third-party versions in circulation today! Ubuntu is released twice a year in April and October.
These offer five years support at no extra cost. This includes security patches and bugfixes. Strictly speaking, Linux is the kernel, so the question can refer specifically to the kernel's version number, or "Linux" can be used more colloquially to refer to the entire distribution, as in Fedora Linux or Ubuntu Linux.
Our latest Linux articles Both are important, and you may need to know one or both answers to fix a problem with a system. For example, knowing the installed kernel version might help diagnose an issue with proprietary drivers, and identifying what distribution is running will help you quickly figure out if you should be using apt , dnf , yum , or some other command to install packages.
Alternatively, the command can be run by using the longer, more descriptive, versions of the various flags:. This gives you in order : the kernel name, the version of the kernel, and the type of hardware the kernel is running on. In this case, the kernel is Linux version 4.
More information about the uname command can be found by running man uname. This file provides information about a distribution including, but not limited to, the name of the distribution and its version number. The os-release file in some distributions contains more details than in others, but any distribution that includes an os-release file should provide a distribution's name and version.
As the example above shows, Fedora's os-release file provides the name of the distribution and the version, but it also identifies the installed variant the "Workstation Edition". There are, however, additional tools that can provide you a report about your system. The screenfetch and neofetch commands give a verbose overview of your system, with details about your kernel, architecture, available RAM, CPU speed and core count, desktop version, and so on.
The hostnamectl command is available on most modern Linux distributions. If it's not already installed, you can install it from your software repository. Despite its humble name, it provides far more than just your hostname;. Some desktop environments offer similar system reporting tools. For instance, the KDE Plasma desktop provides KInfoCenter, which can tell you everything from your kernel and architecture to your available network interface cards, IP address, and much more.
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