For example, al Shabaab has previously operated a system of mobile courts to deliver legal services to Somali citizens, with some people traveling into al Shabaab-controlled territory to access these courts rather than Somali state courts.
Despite international bans on Somali charcoal, al Shabaab generates significant revenue from taxing black market charcoal. Al Shabaab makes significant use of explosive devices and suicide bombings in attacks against the Somali government, military, and civilians.
One analysis found that, between al Shabaab's first suicide bombing attack in September and October , the group deployed suicide bombers across attacks, killing as many as 2, people. At times, such as following the group's withdrawal from Mogadishu in , al Shabaab has used suicide bombers as a strategy to continue to inflict punishment on Somali and international forces even in areas where it did not exert territorial control.
Al Shabaab also has a history of attacking regional states who offer support to the ongoing international military interventions in Somalia. In , al Shabaab claimed responsibility for a series of three bomb attacks in Kampala, Uganda, that killed at least 76 people.
Al Shabaab offered a similar justification for one of its most infamous operations, a four-day siege of the Westgate Mall in Nairobi, Kenya, in September that killed 67 people. As previously noted, al Shabaab has long maintained a complex and often tumultuous relationship with broader Salafist-jihadi forces.
This group of Americans—nearly all ethnic Somalis—bore similarities to other foreign fighters who joined al Shabaab in this period, many of whom were from East Africa. Arguably the highest-profile of these non-Somali, al Qaeda-aligned recruits was Omar Hammami, an American from Daphne, Alabama, who emerged as a charismatic English language propagandist.
Over the short term, al Shabaab will likely continue to pose a threat to Somali civilians as well as the state, possessing the ability to capture swaths of Somali territory and launch mass casualty attacks in the country. The recent reduction of the U.
In December , the Trump administration announced its intention to withdraw "the majority" of U. Notably, the Biden administration did not authorize airstrikes from January to July , prompting speculation that this pause was representative of a changing U.
Regional and multilateral partners are also undertaking similar reconfigurations. In November , Ethiopia withdrew approximately 3, troops from Somalia to field additional forces in Ethiopia's internal Tigray conflict. Turn on more accessible mode. Turn off more accessible mode. Skip to main content. This site will be unavailable from 8. We apologise for any inconvenience. Australian National Security. Home Media and publications Security and your community Terrorist organisations Currently selected What Australia is doing.
Al-Shabab controls large parts of central and southern Somalia, and has ties to other Islamist terror groups such as al Qaeda and Boko Haram. They have carried out attacks across the region, including a shooting at the Westgate shopping center in Nairobi, Kenya, which left more than 60 people dead. This is a collection of DW's latest content on al-Shabab. After losing in the latest federal election, supporters of some Iraqi political parties have resorted to riots and even likely drone attacks to avoid being sidelined.
Could the situation escalate? The military has described the strike as an assassination attempt. The protesters are angered by October's election results, which saw pro-Iran groups lose seats in parliament.
Security forces have been deployed to disperse the demonstrators. General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan said the army takeover was "not a coup" but just an adjustment to the democratic transition. The US and UN are calling for the return of the government.
Anti-coup demonstrators have taken to the streets once more, one day after at least three people died during civil unrest. He was arrested by the Somali government in June , at which time he was widely referred to as an Al Shabaab leader. In , Aweys was transferred from prison to house arrest. Directed by Ayro, Al Shabaab conducted brutal attacks that drew condemnation from local and international communities as well as much of the ICU leadership. Ayro argued for connecting the Somali struggle to a global jihadist agenda.
He began shifting Al Shabaab toward that agenda after the group became independent from the ICU, which disbanded in Ayro was killed in a U. Under his leadership, Al Shabaab strengthened its ties to Al Qaeda. The group pledged its allegiance to Al Qaeda in , though this pledge was not formally accepted by Al Qaeda until Godane was killed in a U. There is little available information about Umar. Mukhtar Robow unknown to : Formerly a founder, spokesman, and second-in-command of Al Shabaab, Robow defected in and now pledges his loyalty to the Somali federal government.
In , he announced his candidacy for a regional presidency. The U. Hussein Ali Fiidow unknown to present : Currently a financial administrator for Al Shabaab, Fiidow has generally avoided public appearances. Analysts have identified him as the most likely successor to Umar. According to Kenyan intelligence reports, he allegedly attempted to stage a coup in early Roggio, Bill.
Chothia, Farouk. International Business Times, 8 Sept. Department of State. Accessed 12 November Al Shabaab has allegedly received funds and training from Al Qaeda-linked foreign jihadists. In August , for example, fourteen Americans were indicted for lending material support to and fundraising for Al Shabaab.
Inside Somalia, Al Shabaab has stolen equipment from various organizations. It has looted private media stations, for example, to acquire media equipment and to conduct its own broadcasts. Militants ordered office personnel to leave and confiscated their equipment.
Before , Al Shabaab militants controlled Kismayo, an important port city from which the group received massive profits in charcoal exports. However, in , Al Shabaab was forced out of Kismayo and several other major cities. As a result, the group lost key sources of revenue. In the territories that it does control, Al Shabaab has collected protection fees and taxes from businesses and other organizations.
Other sources of revenue for Al Shabaab have included profits from the ivory and sugar trades. TIME, 26 Aug. Miller, Greg. Caulderwood, Kathleen. Disclaimer : This is a partial list of where the militant organization has bases and where it operates.
This does not include information on where the group conducts major attacks or has external influences. While Al Shabaab no longer exercises direct control over Mogadishu, it frequently conducts attacks in the city. However, most of this land was lost by the end of The group was also implicated in a failed bombing in Ethiopia. Al Shabaab's primary goal is to topple the Somali government and establish an Islamic emirate within the country guided by a strict reading of Shariah law.
The group has also banned items and activities such as music, videos, shaving, and bras. In addition to its domestic goals, Al Shabaab has increasingly framed the Somali civil war as part of a global jihadi movement. Al Shabaab has launched international attacks, including in Kenya and Uganda, and it has issued threats against other countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada.
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