Under normal circumstances, fertilization occurs in one of the Fallopian tubes, then the fertilized egg begins to make its way to the uterus. By about the fifth day after conception, the embryo finally reaches the uterus, where it implants itself in the endometrium, or uterine lining.
If implantation occurs, then you are pregnant. Implantation is something of a miracle itself: 60 percent are not successful. Although you won't get the news for some time, the gender of your child is already established. Half of the newly fertilized egg's genetic material comes from the father's sperm, half from the mother's egg, but gender is determined at conception by the sperm. The mother's egg always carries an X chromosome, while the father's sperm can carry an X or an Y.
If the sperm carries an X, than the child will be female; if it carries a Y to make the combination XY the baby will be male. Between four to six days after conception, the fertilized egg will develop into a blastocyst and burrow into the uterine lining, attaching itself firmly. In this early stage, the embryo develops a yolk sac, which provides its first nutrients.
But as the tiny being grows, it will turn to its host you for sustenance. Tiny villi, or fingers of tissue on the outside of the fertilized egg, multiply in these early weeks. They go on to make connections with the capillaries in the endometrium, which supply nutrients and remove wastes. Over time this mass of cells will become the placenta, which will nourish and protect your baby throughout your pregnancy.
During the process of implantation the tiny embryo is actively secreting the pregnancy hormone known as human chorionic gonadotropin hCG , which will keep you from menstruating and expelling the embryo from your uterus. In a blood test, hCG will show up as soon as six to eight days after you ovulate, indicating that you are pregnant. These are due to implantation, which is when the fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus.
Implantation cramps may occur a few days after ovulation, and many women say that they feel cramps around 5 DPO. These cramps may occur in the lower back, abdomen, or pelvis. Around 25 percent of women may notice slight bleeding around the time of implantation. This is called implantation bleeding, and it tends to be lighter in color and flow than a menstrual bleed.
Many women keep track of their basal, or baseline, body temperature while trying to conceive because it changes throughout the menstrual cycle. The temperature increases after ovulation and may stay higher than usual until the period begins. A basal body temperature that remains unusually high beyond the typical length of time may indicate pregnancy.
However, these signs are not unique to pregnancy and can be due to another hormonal or lifestyle factor. According to the National Institutes of Health , other early signs and symptoms of pregnancy may include:.
Some women also report feeling dizzy or wobbly early on in pregnancy, often when they get up after lying down. This symptom may be due to changes in the blood vessels carrying oxygen to the brain. Some women cannot explain any specific symptoms or changes in their body, but they intuitively feel that something is different. They might describe it as not feeling like themselves or feeling as though they are suddenly always a step behind.
This may be a sign of fatigue and an indication of hormonal changes. As tempting as it can be to take pregnancy tests early and often, it may not be helpful.
At 5 DPO, there is no reliably accurate way to check for pregnancy. Most tests check for a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin hCG , which the placenta makes. This hormone starts building up in the body after implantation. Implantation occurs about eight to nine days after fertilization, though it can happen as early as six days and as late as 12 days after ovulation. The signs and symptoms of implantation are your body's way of welcoming you to pregnancy. While many women don't feel anything during the process, others report some symptoms, which can include:.
The difference between implantation symptoms and your period can be confusing, especially because in both instances, the blood is shed from the uterine lining. While most women don't experience implantation bleeding , some will, with approximately 15 to 25 percent of them experiencing light, spotty blood. This blood usually starts out pink and turns brown, and unlike your period, it won't flow or contain clots. It should stop within a day or two. Many women don't have any symptoms of implantation, but the subsequent hormonal shifts can cause cramps.
Implantation cramps should last only a day or so at most, and you'll probably notice them around the time your period is due. While abdominal cramps are never fun, minor implantation cramps in early pregnancy are very common and shouldn't be as uncomfortable as those you might get before and during your period.
Instead, you might feel a prickly or tingling sensation in your abdomen, as well as light pressure. Check in with your practitioner if you feel intense pain.
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